Background. There are few data on the mechanism of recurrent neurological events after transcatheter closure of patent foramen\novale (PFO) in cryptogenic stroke or TIA. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed PFO closure procedures for the secondary\nprevention of cryptogenic stroke/TIA performed between 1999 and 2014 in Bologna, Italy. Results. Written questionnaires were\ncompleted by 402 patients. Mean follow-up was 7 �± 3 years. Stroke recurred in 3.2% (0.5/100 patients-year) and TIA in 2.7%\n(0.4/100 patients-year). Ninety-two percent of recurrent strokes were not cryptogenic. Recurrent stroke was noncardioembolic in\n69% of patients, AF related in 15% of patients, device related in 1 patient, and cryptogenic in 1 patient. AF was diagnosed after the\nprocedure in 21 patients (5.2%). Multivariate Coxâ��s proportion hazard model identified age â�¥ 55 years at the time of closure (OR\n3.16, p 0.007) and RoPE score < 7 (OR 3.21, p 0.03) as predictors of recurrent neurological events. Conclusion. Recurrent\nneurological events after PFO closure are rare, usually noncryptogenic and associated with conventional vascular risk factors or\nAF related. Patients older than 55 years of age and those with a RoPE score < 7 are likely to get less benefit from PFO closure. After\ntranscatheter PFO closure, lifelong strict vascular risk factor control is warranted.
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